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Los animales también piensan y sus representaciones mentales son objetivas. Una nueva investigación nos invita a la reflexión sobre los derechos de los animales.
Los animales son capaces de engendrar conceptos y forman sus
representaciones mentales desde que tienen la capacidad de obtener
información sobre las relaciones que se producen en su entorno, de
memorizarlas y de separarlas de la percepción de los objetos y de los
acontecimientos externos.
. Mychkine (Mladen Antonov,AFP) - Los trenes no se detienen en Mychkine, y los barcos de pasajeros sólo funcionan en verano. Sin embargo, en este pequeño pueblo situado a los pies del Volga, en Rusia, la vida cultural es intensa y esperan lograr atraer al turismo con proyectos como el Museo del Ratón. En una "isba" de madera viven hoy 4.528 ratones de peluche, porcelana, cera o conchas, enviados desde los cuatro puntos cardinales del planeta. El museo ha recibido también varios ratones vivos (entre ellos un "ratón mutante"), que finalmente ha dejado en libertad: "¡No es muy adecuado mantener enjaulado al patrón del pueblo!", explica Nikolai Louchine, el director de este Museo del Ratón.
El ratón ("mychka", en ruso), es un animal casi sagrado en este pueblo de 6.000 habitantes, situado unos 300 km. al norte de Moscú. El pueblo lleva su nombre, según la leyenda, desde que en 1523 un ratón salvó la vida de su fundador, Fiodor Mstislavski, despertándole a tiempo para repeler el ataque de una serpiente. "Las piezas expuestas proceden de Hong Kong, Alemania, Italia, India, China ... ¡incluso de Hawai! Una jubilada alemana nos envía un ratón cada año", sigue explicando Louchine. Cada una de las piezas está debidamente registrada, y el museo remite una carta de agradecimiento junto con un certificado sellado con el tampón "Museo del Ratón" a las personas que han enviado cada pieza.
Las primeras piezas las aportaron Boulat Okoudjava, un bardo ruso, y Dmitri Likhatchew, académico también ruso. Este último ha glosado en uno de sus ensayos su amor por el pueblo de Mychkine ... ¡en el que no ha estado jamás! Los gatos del pueblo se sienten curiosamente atraídos por el Museo, que mantiene excelentes relaciones y una correspondencia regular con el Museo del Gato de Siauliai en Lituania, mientras esperan organizar una exposición conjunta. Sonriendo, Louchine afirma "No tenemos nada que temer, los ratones son más abundantes que los gatos".
En estos momentos, el gran proyecto en preparación de Mychkine es el II Festival Internacional del Ratón, previsto para el año 2008. En palabras de Svetlana Dourandikova, responsable de turismo del ayuntamiento local "el primer festival lo organizamos en 1996; el próximo será 12 años más tarde. ¡Hay que espaciarlos un poco para no quemar el potencial creativo!". Entretanto, el ayuntamiento, a través del encargado del desarrollo económico Piotr Volkov, empieza a proyectar dos centros recreativos y varios hoteles, para atender debidamente a los visitantes. Mychkine ofrece en la actualidad únicamente 20 habitaciones para huéspedes, pero su oferta turística empieza a crecer: cuenta con excelentes muestras intactas de la vieja arquitectura rusa, tres teatros y diez museos, entre los que destacan uno dedicado a Piotr Smirnof (fundador de la marca de vodka del mismo nombre) y otro dedicado a los "valenki" (las tradicionales botas rusas de fieltro). .
When in the course of organic evolution it becomes obvious that a mutational process is inevitably dissolving the physical and neurological bonds which connect the members of one generation to the past and inevitably directing them to assume among the species of Earth the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and Nature's God entitle them, a decent concern for the harmony of species requires that the causes of the mutation should be declared. We hold these truths to be self evident:
Genetic wisdom, indeed, suggests that social structures long established should not be discarded for frivolous reasons and transient causes. The ecstasy of mutation is equally balanced by the pain. Accordingly all experience shows that members of a species are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, rather than to discard the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, all pursuing invariably the same destructive goals, threaten the very fabric of organic life and the serene harmony of the planet, it is the right, it is the organic duty to drop out of such morbid covenants and to evolve new loving social structures. Such has been the patient sufferance of the freedom-loving peoples of this earth, and such is now the necessity which constrains us to form new systems of government. The history of the white, menopausal, mendacious men now ruling the planet earth is a history of repeated violation of the harmonious laws of nature, all having the direct object of establishing a tyranny of the materialistic aging over the gentle, the peace-loving, the young, the colored. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to the judgement of generations to come. These old, white rulers have maintained a continuous war against other species of life, enslaving and destroying at whim fowl, fish, animals and spreading a lethal carpet of concrete and metal over the soft body of earth. They have maintained as well a continual state of war among themselves and against the colored races, the freedom-loving, the gentle, the young. Genocide is their habit. They have instituted artificial scarcities, denying peaceful folk the natural inheritance of earth's abundance and God's endowment. They have glorified material values and degraded the spiritual. They have claimed private, personal ownership of God's land, driving by force of arms the gentle from passage on the earth. In their greed they have erected artificial immigration and customs barriers, preventing the free movement of people. In their lust for control they have set up systems of compulsory education to coerce the minds of the children and to destroy the wisdom and innocence of the playful young. In their lust for power they have controlled all means of communication to prevent the free flow of ideas and to block loving exchanges among the gentle. In their fear they have instituted great armies of secret police to spy upon the privacy of the pacific. In their anger they have coerced the peaceful young against their will to join their armies and to wage murderous wars against the young and gentle of other countries. In their greed they have made the manufacture and selling of weapons the basis of their economies. For profit they have polluted the air, the rivers, the seas. In their impotence they have glorified murder, violence, and unnatural sex in their mass media. In their aging greed they have set up an economic system which favors age over youth. They have in every way attempted to impose a robot uniformity and to crush variety, individuality, and independence of thought. In their greed, they have instituted political systems which perpetuate rule by the aging and force youth to choose between plastic conformity or despairing alienation. They have invaded privacy by illegal search, unwarranted arrest, and contemptuous harassment. They have enlisted an army of informers. In their greed they sponsor the consumption of deadly tars and sugars and employ cruel and unusual punishment of the possession of life-giving alkaloids and acids. They never admit a mistake. They unceasingly trumpet the virtue of greed and war. In their advertising and in their manipulation of information they make a fetish out of blatant falsity and pious self-enhancement. Their obvious errors only stimulate them to greater error and noisier self-approval. They are bores. They hate beauty. They hate sex. They hate life. We have warned them from time to time to their inequities and blindness. We have addressed every available appeal to their withered sense of righteousness. We have tried to make them laugh. We have prophesied in detail the terror they are perpetuating. But they have been deaf to the weeping of the poor, the anguish of the colored, the rocking mockery of the young, the warnings of their poets. Worshipping only force and money, they listen only to force and money. But we shall no longer talk in these grim tongues. We must therefore acquiesce to genetic necessity, detach ourselves from their uncaring madness and hold them henceforth as we hold the rest of God's creatures - in harmony, life brothers, in their excess, menaces to life. We, therefore, God-loving, peace-loving, life-loving, fun-loving men and women, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the Universe for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the Authority of all sentient beings who seek gently to evolve on this planet, solemnly publish and declare that we are free and independent, and that we are absolved from all Allegiance to the United States Government and all governments controlled by the menopausal, and that grouping ourselves into tribes of like-minded fellows, we claim full power to live and move on the land, obtain sustenance with our own hands and minds in the style which seems sacred and holy to us, and to do all Acts and Things which independent Freemen and Freewomen may of right do without infringing on the same rights of other species and groups to do their own thing. And for the support of this Declaration of Evolution with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, and serenely confident of the approval of generations to come, in whose name we speak, do we now mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our Sacred Honor.
by Dr.Timothy Leary, Ph.D.
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